|
Transitions Publications
Fact
Sheets
By Karen Glasser Sharp, Esq. The rules governing
graduation of students with disabilities are complex. This
pamphlet provides a legal analysis of the IDEA requirements
for graduating students with disabilities, with summaries
of supporting judicial and administrative decisions. Use
it as a quick-answer guide to IDEA graduation rules - as
well as a review of noteworthy cases. For details, and to
order, click on the link above.
Happy
Healthy and Independent. This handout offers tips on
helping children with disabilities prepare to make the transition
to adulthood. Developed by Telability. Available in
Spanish.
This Fact Sheet summarizes data from the National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2 which provide a national picture of the
rate at which secondary students with disabilities complete
high school and how they fare in their early postschool
years. Data were analyzed by disability category and certain
demographics and are compared with data from 1987.
As children progress through different grades in school
they face different challenges. In addition to changing
academic and social demands, students also experience physical
and emotional changes.
- What Particular Transition Times Pose Specific Challenges?
- How Schools Can Help
- What Parents Can Do
“ To Work or Not to Work” … that
is a question being asked by many individuals with disabilities
and their family members as they begin to think about going
to work in their local communities. This fact sheet addresses
frequently asked questions by family members and provides
answers to dispel the concerns.
After reading this, it is hoped that family members will
agree that the answer to the question: “To Work or
Not to Work” is “To Work!”
Transition
Information Sheet for Families: explains what medical
transition is and why it is important. This fact sheet also
identifies the key issues that must be considered as your
child grows and matures and takes on more responsibility
for their own health and well-being. Developed by the Division
of Specialized Care for Children (The Illinois Title V CSHCN
Program).
Periodicals/Articles
- The Wellness and Disability Initiative of the British
Columbia Coalition of People with Disabilities web-based
bibliography "Sexuality and Disability Webliography":
Available in both HTML and a 50 page PDF format, the webliography
may be found at www.bccpd.bc.ca/i/pdf/WDI/Sex_DisabilityWebliog.pdf
- Exceptional Parent. 877/372-7368, or Web site:www.eparent.com/subscribe/default.htm
- Betz, C.L. Adolescent Transitions: A nursing concern.
Pediatric Nursing. 1998;24(1):23-30
- Betz, CL. Facilitating the transition of adolescents
with chronic conditions from pediatric to adult health
care and community settings. Pediatric Nursing.
1998; 21:97-115
- Bloomquist KB, Brown G, Peersen A, and Presler EP. Transition
to Independence: Challenges for Young People with Disabilities
and their Caregivers. Orthopedic Nursing. May/June
1998: 27-35.
- Blum, R.W. Transition to adult health care: setting
the stage. Conference Proceedings. Journal of Adolescent
Health. 1995;17(1):3-5
- Blum, R.W., Garel, D., Hodgman, C.H., Jorissen, T.W.,
Okinow, N.A., Orr, D., and Slap, G.B.
Transition from Child-Centered to adult Health-Care Systems
for Adolescents with Chronic Conditions: A position paper
of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Journal of
Adolescent Health. 1993;14:570-576
- Bowes G. Sinnema G, Suris J, Buhlmann U. Transition
health services for youth with disabilities: A global
Perspective. Conference Proceedings. Journal of Adolescent
Health. 1995;17(1):23-31
- Davis, M. & Sondheimer, D. L. State child mental
health efforts to support youth
transition to adulthood. Journal of Behavioral Health
Services & Research. 2005;32:1:27-42 Summary
- Franzini L, Marks E, Cromwell PF. Projected economic
costs due to health consequences of teenagers' loss of
confidentiality in obtaining reproductive health care
services in Texas. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent
Medicine. 2004;1589(12):1140-1146
- Gesensway, D. December 2004 issue
of the ACP Observer, a monthly newsletter of the American
College of Physicians.
- Hallum, A. Disability and the transition to adulthood:
Issues for the disabled child, the family and the pediatrician.
Current Problems in Pediatrics. 1995;25:12-50
- Johnson, C. Transition into adulthood.Pediatric
Annals. 1995;24(5):269
Levey
EB. and Murphy NA. .
 AAP
News26(9);September 2005:p.19
- McCabe, M. Involving children and adolescents in medical
decision making: Developmental and clinical considerations.
Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1996;21(4): 505-516
(Issues-oriented article that reviews the salient aspects
of medical decision making by children and adolescents.
Issues pertaining to informed consent, developmental level
and clinical issues are discussed. Case examples are provided
for illustration.)
- Newacheck, P. W. Adolescents with special needs: Prevalence,
severity, and access to health services. Pediatrics.
1992;84:872-881
- Newacheck, P.W., Strickland, B., Skonkoff, J.P., Perrin,
J.M., McPherson, M., McManus, M., Lauver, C., & Fox,
H. An Epidemiological Profile of Children with Special
Health Care Needs. Pediatrics. 1998;102 (1):117-123
-
- Olsen DG and Swigonski NL. Transition
to Adulthood: The Important Role of the Pediatrician.
Pediatrics. 2004;113:e159-162
- Pinzon JL, Jacobson K, Reiss J. . Can
J Gastroenterol 2004;18(12):735-742
- Powers L, Sowers J. Stevens T. An exploratory, randomized
study of the impact of mentoring on the self-efficacy
and community-based knowledge of adolescents with severe
physical challenges. Journal of Rehabilitation.
1995;33-41
- Rand, Cynthia M., MD, MPH, Peter G. Szilagyi, MD, MPH, Christina Albertin, MPH and Peggy Auinger, MS. Additional Health Care Visits Needed Among Adolescents for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Delivery Within Medical Homes: A National Study. Pediatrics. 2007;120 461-466
- Reiss, JG, Gibson RW, Walker LR. .
Pediatrics 2005;115(1)
- Reid GJ, Irvine MJ, McCrindle BW, Sananes R, Ritvo PG,
Siu SC, Webb GD. Prevalence
and Correlates of Successful Transfer from Pediatric to
Adult Health Care Among a Cohort of Young Adults with
Complex Congenital Heart Defects. Pediatrics. 2004;113(3
Pt 1):e197-205
- Rosen, D.S. Transition from pediatric to adult-oriented
health care for the adolescent with chronic illness or
disability. Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art
Reviews. 1994;5(2):241-247
- Rosen, D. Between two worlds: Bridging the cultures
of child health and adult medicine, Journal of Adolescent
Health. 1995;17(1):10-16
- S. Todd Callahan, MD, MPH; William O. Cooper, MD, MPH
Arch
Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:178-182
- Sawyer, S.M., Blair, S. & Bowes, G., Chronic Illness
in adolescents: transfer or transition to adult services?
Journal of Pediatric and Child Health. 1997;33:88-90
- Sawyer, SM, Aroni RA. MJA
2005;183(8):405-409
- Scal P. Evans T. Blozis S. et al. Trends in transition
from pediatric to adult health care services for young
adults with chronic conditions. Journal of Adolescent
Health. 1999;24259-264
- Schultz A. Liptak G. Helping adolescents who have disabilities
negotiate transitions to adulthood. Issues in Comprehensive
Pediatric Nursing. 1998;21:187-201
- Werner P. Primary care for persons with disabilities:
Family practice perspective. American Journal
of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.1997;76(Suppl.):S21-24
- White, P. Success on the road to adulthood. Pediatric
Rheumatology. 1997;23(3):697-707
- Whitehouse S, Paone M, .Patients in Transition: Bridging
the health care gap from youth to adulthood. Contemporary
Pediatrics (Canada). 1998;December:13-16
Policy Statements
Reports/Documents
-
This brief describes the Choices in
Transition program for low-income ethnic minority youth
with disabilities in Chicago. It is well documented
that minority youth with disabilities who live in urban
areas face numerous obstacles that affect their opportunities
for education and employment (Wilson, 1997). Since its
inception seven years ago, the Choices in Transition
model has been empirically supported in studies of high
school students (Taylor-Ritzler et al., 2001), adjudicated
youth (Balcazar, Keys, & Garate-Serafini, 1995),
high school graduates (Balcazar & Keys, 2000), and
dropouts with disabilities (Balcazar & Keys, 1994).
The program’s goal is to support participants
in the process of transition in order to improve educational
and vocational success and to increase self-determination.
To access the entire brief, visit: www.ncset.org/publications/viewdesc.asp?id=2842
-
As many national, state, and local organizations work
to improve transition outcomes for youth with disabilities,
there is growing recognition of the need to share information,
resources, and effective practices. Policy makers and
practitioners in many fields are increasingly using
communities of practice as a core strategy for developing
knowledge, sharing ideas, and solving problems. Use
of this strategy to improve transition outcomes for
youth shows great promise. To see the entire article,
go to: www.ncset.org/publications/viewdesc.asp?id=2349
-
The high school diploma is a benchmark
of success in the United States, but what the diploma
represents has continued to change. The number and types
of options for diplomas vary from state to state, with
some states having as many as seven choices and others
as few as one. The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of
2001 has increased the pressure on schools across the
country to improve graduation rates for all students,
including students with disabilities. The Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Amendments of
1997 require that students with disabilities participate
in state and district assessments and that results be
reported. These requirements have had an impact on the
states, affecting the range of diploma options offered
to students. Many states offer multiple diploma options
as a strategy to meet the requirements of NCLB and IDEA
and to improve school completion rates for students,
especially those with disabilities. The full information
brief is available at: www.ncset.org/publications/viewdesc.asp?id=1928
-
In December 2003 the Ninth Annual Maternal
and Child Health Epidemiology Conference included a
panel session on Health Care Transition.
Nora Wells, spoke on Transition from the Family Perspective
and Deborah Kline Walker EdD, (then the Associate Commissioner,
Massachusetts Department of Public Health) presentation
was entitled "Understanding the Transition of Care
from Children to Adults with Special Health Needs: Next
Steps" and provides recommendations for Policy
and leadership (Federal and state public health roles
& Consumer involvement); Data and surveillance;
Research and evaluation; Services and financing.
You can see the powerpoints and listen to the audio
from these presentations at: www.cademedia.com/archives/cdc/mchepi2003/day2.htm
(Scroll all the way down to Plenary Session IV).
- Family Voices Newsletter Focuses on Transitions for
Youth with Special Health Care Needs Newsletter
- Forwarded from the Society of Adolescent Medicine
Listserv
The Center for Adolescent Health & the Law has
produced a 200-page monograph that summarizes the minor
consent laws for all 50 states and the District of Columbia:
A. English & K. Kenney, State
Minor Consent Laws: A Summary, 2nd Edition (Chapel
Hill, NC: Center for Adolescent Health & the Law,
2003).
The monograph summarizes the state laws that allow minors
to give their own consent for health care. The new monograph
provides (for each state) summaries and citations for
two types of laws related to minor consent. The first
type permits certain groups of minors to give their own
consent for health care based on their status (e.g., emancipated
minors). The second type authorizes minors to give their
own consent for certain health care services (e.g., diagnosis
and treatment of STD). The monograph also includes confidentiality
and disclosure provisions that are contained in these
minor consent laws and selected findings from case law.
In addition, the monograph includes a detailed introduction
that provides an overview of the legal framework for consent
and confidentiality in adolescent health care, appendices
listing additional resources, and an overview chart of
minor consent laws in the states.
- How Disabled People Manage in the Workplace.
This study explored how disabled people get by in
the workplace and looked at the nature of the support
they require and receive.
www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialcare/793.asp
- In the Fall of 2003, the Upjohn Institute for Employment
Research published The
Decline in Employment of People with Disabilities: A Policy
Puzzle, edited by David Stapleton and Richard Burkhauser.
This volume documents the decline in the employment of
working-age people with disabilities during the 1990s
and investigates various hypotheses about why the decline
occurred.
- This new report focuses on the special
barriers to equal educational opportunity in higher education
faced by students with disabilities as they transition
to higher education. The report provides a snapshot of
the educational pipeline and postsecondary experiences
for students with disabilities, as they exist today. For
more information go to
www.e-guana.net/organizations
- Improving the Health of Adolescents
& Young Adults: A Guide for States and Communities
The new Guide for States and Communities extracts
the Healthy People 2010 objectives that are key to the health
of adolescents and young adults. The health concerns addressed
by the Critical Health Objectives for Adolescents and Young
Adults are mortality, unintentional injury, violence, substance
use and mental health, reproductive health, and prevention
of chronic disease into adulthood.
The Guide will be especially helpful to those who want
to translate the key objectives for youth into a vision
and plan for improving the health, safety, and well-being
of adolescents and young adults in their communities. It
was shaped by experts from a variety of perspectives (C
universities; national organizations; and federal, state,
local, and voluntary agencies) for interpretation and application
of the objectives in a youth development framework. It bridges
the work of Healthy People 2010 to related efforts, such
as Steps to a Healthier US and the National Initiative to
Improve Adolescent Health by 2010, which aspires to attain
all 21 Critical Health Objectives.
Printed versions or CD-ROMs of Improving the Health
of Adolescents & Young Adults: A Guide for States and
Communities can be ordered free of charge at: www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/NationalInitiative or nahic.ucsf.edu/index.php/companion/index/
- The National Collaborative on Workforce
and Disability for Youth has a new publication: Making
the Connections: Growing and Supporting New Organizations:
Intermediaries.
The paper describes how a new organizational strategy
-- intermediaries -- can link the supply and demand sides
of workforce development. By aligning and brokering multiple
services across institutional and funding sources, intermediary
organizations can play an important role in improving
employment outcomes for youth with disabilities. Available
in Word and PDF formats (197 KB, 22 pages). www.ncwd-youth.info/resources_&_Publications/background.php
-
The introduction of this paper provides an overview
of what to expect: “Today, technology has become
essential in almost every educational, employment, community,
and recreational environment. Access to electronic and
information technology can help students with a wide range
of abilities and disabilities prepare for and succeed
in adult life.
Specifically, for people with disabilities, such access
has the potential to maximize independence, productivity
and participation in academic programs, employment, recreation
and other adult activities. In addition, for those who
have the interest and aptitude, advanced technology skills
can open doors to high-tech career fields that were once
unavailable to people with disabilities.”To read
the paper in its entirety, use the following link: jset.unlv.edu/18.4/burgstahler/first.html
- "Professional Development for Transition
Personnel: Current Issues and Strategies for Success"
After more than two decades of federal transition
legislation, students with disabilities continue to have
significantly poorer postschool outcomes as compared to
their peers without disabilities. One reason for these
outcomes is that educators are inadequately prepared to
provide the services required under the Individuals With
Disabilities Act (IDEA) (Anderson, Kleinhammer-Tramill,
Morningstar, et al., 2003). The issues and challenges
of providing coordinated transition services are complex
and pressing, yet few special education personnel preparation
programs include even one course devoted to transition
(Anderson, et al., 2003). Furthermore, state departments
of education often identify that primary training takes
place on-the-job rather than through comprehensive professional
development (Kochhar-Bryant, 2003). Consequently, state
departments of education have targeted transition professional
development as a priority for special education improvement
grants and statewide planning (Kochhar-Bryant, 2003; Storms
& Sullivan, 2000). Unfortunately, transition professional
development is often hampered by a lack of clear policies
as well as limited systems for planning, delivery, and
evaluation. The entire brief is available at: www.ncset.org/publications/viewdesc.asp?id=2440
A new report from the Community College Research
Center at Columbia University focuses on the expansion
of programs that allow high school students the opportunity
to take college-level courses while still in high school.
According to the report, although credit-based transition
programs have typically targeted academically proficient
and high achieving students, a broader subset of high
school students may benefit from participation.
To access the report go to www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ovae/pi/cclo/crdbase.pdf
- Sara R. Collins, Cathy Schoen, Katie Tenney,
Michelle M. Doty, and Alice Ho
From the Commonwealth
Fund
In an update to Rite of Passage: Why Young Adults Become
Uninsured and How New Policies Can Help, Fund researcher
Sara R. Collins and colleagues find that 13 million young
adults between the ages of 19 to 29 lacked health insurance
in 2002, representing a disproportionately large and growing
share of the uninsured. The full PDF can be found at the
link above.
This report first examines the notion of "social
adjustment" as it pertains to a population of children
who are regarded as 'vulnerable' to maladjustment. Secondly,
the report considers social adjustment among children
with chronic conditions during the salient developmental
period of high school transition. Drawing upon the reports
of 24 young adolescents with chronic physical illness,
this paper illustrates both more general and illness-specific
concerns as students. To view this report, go to: www.aare.edu.au/99pap/mcm99171.htm
- The report reflects the growing understanding
of adolescents of differing sexual orientations and reaffirms
the physician's responsibility to provide comprehensive
health care and guidance in a safe and supportive environment
for all adolescents, including nonheterosexual adolescents
and those struggling with issues of sexual orientation.
The report
topics include definitions, etiology and prevalence,
special needs and considerations, office practice, comprehensive
health care, and community advocacy.
- This brief from the National Center on Secondary
Education and Transition discusses the essential components
of successful interagency agreements when developing and
implementing transition plans for secondary students with
disabilities.
Kelli Crane, Meredith Gramlich, & Kris Peterson,
Putting Interagency Agreements into Action, NCSET Issue
Brief, Sept. 2004. HTML
Version or PDF
Version
- Team Approach vs. Ad Hoc Health Services for
Young People with Physical Disabilities: A Retrospective
Cohort Study. From Health and Disability
News Fall 2003 Volume 1, No. 1
www.aahd.us/newsletterarchive/Oct2003/index.htm
A study has shown that young people with disabilities
who receive health care and social care services via a
young adult team (YAT) approach are twice as likely to
participate in society as those who receive those services
via an ad hoc approach.
Young people with physical disabilities often have difficulty
attaining independence in adult life and consequently
need lifelong support from parents and from health care
and social care services. There are concerns about the
organization and cost-effectiveness of such services and
their ability to meet the independence training and serious
health needs of these young people. This study compared
a YAT approach with the ad hoc service approach in four
locations in England, in terms of their ability to enhance
the participation in society of these young people, and
their cost.
In this retrospective cohort study, researchers interviewed
254 young people with physical disabilities, while 124
healthy controls were given a questionnaire. The absence
of pain, fatigue, and stress increased the odds of participation
in society by two to four times. After adjustment for
these factors, young people cared for by multidisciplinary
YAT teams were over twice as likely to participate in
society as those who used ad hoc services. Resource use
did not differ between the two service types. A YAT approach
costs no more to implement than an ad hoc approach, and
is more likely to enhance participation in society of
young people with physical disabilities. Lancet 2002;360:1280-86
(www.thelancet.com)
-
Young people looking for their first jobs may be overwhelmed
by the process and seek help from others. Individualized
Education Program (IEP) teams can help young people
with disabilities develop a plan that includes employment
goals. Schools can also help youth develop specific
career skills by guiding students to courses needed
to enter a particular field, helping students practice
interviewing and asking for employment accommodations,
or offering work-based learning opportunities. The entire
brief can be found at: www.ncset.org/publications/viewdesc.asp?id=2844
- Transition To Adult Mental Health Services
Accessing age appropriate mental health services often
is difficult for adolescents over the age of 18. Through
a grant from the Center for Health Care Strategies, the
Consumer Quality Initiative, Inc. (CQI), located in Massachusetts,
surveyed 24 young adults who had "aged out" of adolescent
mental health services to identify what they would find
helpful in making the transition. The survey also identified
recommendations on how to fill the void between youth
and adult mental health services.
Recommendations to the state included: development of
a peer mentoring program; skill building and education
responsive to individual needs; age appropriate services
and housing; and youth advocacy training. Visit CQI's
Web site for the full report. www.cqi-mass.org/Youth-in-Transition-Final-Report.pdf
- Transition planning for youth with disabilities
has not focused extensively on involvement with the juvenile
justice system. Increased attention is needed on the growing
number of youth with disabilities involved in the juvenile
and adult correctional systems.
This brief focuses on two models, restorative justice
and wrap-around services, to illustrate proactive intervention
for reducing the number of youth with disabilities incarcerated
in juvenile and adult prisons. The full information brief
is available at: www.ncset.org/publications/viewdesc.asp?id=1929
Research
-
This report
focuses on out-of-school youth and their experiences
with work, school, and social activities and how these
experiences have changed over time. It compares findings
for youth who were represented in the National Longitudinal
Transition Study with those of youth represented in
the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2. To access
this report, go to: http://www.nlts2.org/reports/str6_report.html
-
Objective. To determine the factors
associated with addressing the transition from pediatric
to adult-oriented health care among US adolescents with
special health care needs.
Methods. Data for 4332 adolescents,
14 to 17 years of age, from the 2000–2001 National
Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs were
used. The adequacy of transition services was determined
by parent self-report. Explanatory variables, including
parental education, family poverty status, race/ethnicity,
measures of the severity and complexity of conditions,
health insurance status, having a personal doctor, and
the quality of the parent's relationship with the adolescent's
doctor, were entered into a regression model. Read about
the results at: pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/115/6/1607?etoc
- To encourage employment for individuals with disabilities,
the Social Security Administration offers "work incentives"--
provisions that limit the impact of earnings on benefits.
But how many people take advantage of these options? The
new Data Note examines the number enrolled in work incentive
programs over the past 15 years. To access this report,
go to: http://www.statedata.info/datanotes/datanote3.php
To access the main web site, which has tools to calculate
employment outcomes for people with disabilities in
your state, go to: http://www.statedata.info/
Objective. To describe the proportion
of youth with special health care needs (YSHCN) who are
receiving services for medical transitions and to describe
which sociodemographic and health care-related factors
are associated with receiving transition services.
Methods. We analyzed responses to questions
about medical transitions from the 2001 National Survey
of Children With Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN).
Parents or guardians of youth aged 13 to 17 years who
screened positive for the survey were asked (1) whether
they had discussed with health care providers how their
child's health care needs might change in adulthood, (2)
if they had a plan to address these changing needs, and
(3) if their child's health care providers had discussed
having their child eventually see a doctor who treats
adults. Bivariate and multivariate associations were estimated
to identify sociodemographic and health care factors related
to receiving medical-transition services. Read about the
results at: pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/115/6/1562?etoc
The latest in the NLTS2 (National Longitudinal
Transition Study-2) Data Brief series, "Social Activities
of Youth with Disabilities," is now available.
When youth take part in informal activities with friends
or participate in organized extracurricular activities,
their choices about how they use their nonschool hours
can result in opportunities to explore interests, learn
skills, develop friendships, have fun, and participate
actively as members of their schools and communities.
Activities with peers can take on particular importance
during adolescence, when teens become more independent
from their families and use peers for some types of support
that previously were provided by family members.
Although extracurricular activities and relationships
may be crucial to the healthy development of all youth,
some kinds of disabilities can present challenges to participation.
To learn more, visit:
www.ncset.org/publications/viewdesc.asp?id=147
- The purpose of this
paper is to review the current state of practice within
the workforce development system in reference to the competencies
the combined knowledge, skills, and abilities of youth
service practitioners.
The paper looks at how and by whom:
1) required content is established; 2) training and education
based upon that content are provided; and 3) credentials
are given. Additionally, the paper outlines some possible
action steps to build stronger connections among organizations
and workforce development institutions to ensure that
skilled staff serves youth and employers.
The paper is available in both PDF www.ncwd-youth.info/assets/background/ksa.pdf
and MS Word www.ncwd-youth.info/assets/background/ksa.doc
- The Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Survey
www.ncwd-youth.info/surveys/ksa.php
The Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Survey is being conducted
by the National Collaborative on Workforce and Disabilities
for Youth (NCWD/Youth) as part of its ongoing effort to
better connect youth with disabilities to workforce development
system. Youth service practitioners, the front line workers
who are the face of the youth workforce development system,
must be prepared to effectively connect youth to workforce
preparation opportunities and support.
- Research Needs for Americans
with Disabilities - Data Gathering Through New Web Site
A new Web site (www.icdr.us/)
has been developed by the government's Interagency Committee
on Disability Research (ICDR) to gather comments and recommendations
on research needs for Americans with disabilities, the
U.S. Department of Education announced today.
The committee, chaired by Steven James Tingus, director
of the Education Department's National Institute on Disability
and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), produced the site
to help ensure that federal research efforts meet the
needs of the disability community.
Over the last twenty years changes in the labor market
have increased the importance of possessing a postsecondary
degree. Students who continue their education after high
school maximize their preparedness for careers as they
learn the higher order thinking and technical skills to
take advantage of current and future job market trends.
For more information, visit:
www.edailynews.net/articles/ednetviewer.asp?a=17203&z=16
Last Updated
July 30, 2008
|
